@minia Previous studies have suggested that 10% to 20% of children and adolescents will experience migraine at some point before adulthood, with the prevalence increasing after puberty. While the female-to-male ratio is about 1:1 before puberty, there is a "big divergence in incidence curves" afterward ― with the female-to-male ratio reaching 2–3:1 in adulthood

The more time older women spent sitting or lying down, the more likely their risk of hospitalization for heart failure, based on data from more than 80,000 postmenopausal women. The 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines show evidence of the impact of physical activity on reducing heart failure risk, but the association between activity, sedentary behavior (SB) and heart failure (HF) in older women in particular has not been well studied, wrote Michael J. LaMonte, PhD, MPH, of the State University of New York at Buffalo, and colleagues in a study published in Circulation: Heart Failure. "Given the high prevalence of prolonged sedentary time among U.S. adults aged 65 and older, among whom HF burden is substantial, understanding the role SB has in HF development is relevant to future HF prevention strategies," the researchers wrote.

@bubun Patients with AIVR should be treated mainly for its underlying causes, such as digoxin toxicity, myocardial ischemia, and structure heart diseases. Beta-blockers are often used in patients with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion and cardiomyopathy. Transfer to advanced care facility depends on associated conditions.

@snehashish it is not yet known to what degree young subfertile men present with signs of hypogonadism and whether low testosterone concentration, as in older men, is associated with risk of osteoporosis and metabolic derangements in those subjects. Subfertile men with subnormal testosterone concentration presented with higher triglycerides and signs of insulin resistance as well as increased risk of manifest metabolic syndrome compared with subfertile men with testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels within the normal range.

Biopsies haven't changed much in the more than 100 years they've been in medical use: Tissue (a cluster of cells) is cut from the body, embedded into a block, thinly sliced, mounted on a slide, and stained with dye. A pathologist then analyzes the sample with a microscope. Results come back in 2 to 10 days while the patient and their family nervously wait. Engineers at Columbia University are working to give biopsies a much-needed upgrade. There, Elizabeth Hillman, PhD, and her team have developed a high-speed 3D microscope that can rapidly take photos of live cells without having to extract them from the body.

@bubun Genetically proxied metformin use equivalent to a 6.75 mmol/mol (1.09%) reduction of A1c was associated with 4% lower odds of AD (P = 1.06 × 10-4) in individuals who did not have diabetes. One metformin target, mitochondrial complex 1 (MCI), showed a robust effect on AD (P = 4.73 × 10-4) that was independent of AMP–activated protein kinase. Mendelian randomization of expression in brain cortex tissue showed that decreased expression of the MCI-related gene NDUFA2 was associated with reduced AD risk (P = 4.64 × 10-4) and less cognitive decline.

Increasingly active patterns of physical activity were linked with reduced rates of overall mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD), but early rather than later in late life, in a 20-year follow-up cohort study. In this population of people older than 65 years, researchers found that physical activity overall was associated with lower rates of incident CVD, particularly among men, and the association was strongest in people 70 to 75 years of age, rather than in older age groups. They also looked at "trajectories," or changes in activity over time, and found a stable-high trajectory of activity was associated with a significantly lower risk for cardiovascular outcomes in men than in those with a stable-low trajectory. For women, more physical activity was consistently associated with lower CVD outcomes, although not statistically significantly so, except for overall mortality, which did reach significance.

@udipta Fruit is a great source of vitamins and nutrients and should be incorporated into our diets—with the right portion control—but not all states of fruit are created equal. While whole fruit contains natural sugars, dried fruit and fruit juice are sources of concentrated sugar content. Known to promote oil production and inflammation, consuming too much dried fruit and juice would result in high sugar intake, which has been linked to acne.

Hello, How to counsel someone primarily who is going through a rough phase? My brother is going through a rough phase in his relationship and it is affecting him a lot. He is not able to concentrate on work and suddenly start breaking down. He does not talk as well to his friends and is always sad and in a bad mood. He tends to stay alone. Please help.

@iraban Beginning in the 1930s, doctors considered wool an allergen. However, as testing for allergies became more common, many people had negative results for wool. This frequent finding led some researchers to propose that wool allergy was a myth and to begin to look for other factors that might be causing the symptoms. Wool allergy is believed to come from lanolin — a protective, waxy layer that covers every strand of sheep hair. Lanolin is a complex substance and is often added to cosmetics and ointments for its moisturizing properties. If you’re allergic to wool, you should avoid using or wearing it. Or, you can try wearing a thick underlayer to keep your skin from touching the wool. You may also need to avoid products such as moisturizers and cosmetics that contain lanolin. If you develop an allergic reaction, you can take antihistamine medication, such as Benadryl, to help your body recover.