@harish In theory, the content of saliva may affect sensitivity of taste receptors. This may explain how medications and metabolic conditions alter taste perception (dysgeusia) or produce novel tastes, such as bitter or metallic tastes in the mouth (parageusia.) Acute decreases in the quantity of saliva do not appear to affect gustatory sensitivity; however, chronic deprivation (as in Sjögren Syndrome or after radiation therapy) does appear to result in decreased sensitivity of receptors by trophic effects.

In Germany, it is now possible for apps to be prescribed for therapeutic purposes, including for obesity therapy. Two obesity apps have been included provisionally in the directory of Digital Health Apps (DiGA) at the country's Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM). Studies of both apps are ongoing. The way in which obesity treatment apps should be scientifically evaluated was recently summarized by nutritionist Christina Holzapfel, PhD, from the Ludwig Maximilian University, in Munich, Germany, at the conference of the German Nutrition Society (DGE). In previous studies, weight loss apps tended to have moderate success. Compared to standard therapies, use of them is not necessarily associated with greater weight loss. A recent meta-analysis has shown, however, that they do affect eating habits and nutrition-dependent endpoints, such as body mass index. Most studies to date have only observed short-term effects of the apps. In general, conclusions about the long-term progression of weight or eating habits cannot be drawn from these findings.

Climate change will increasingly affect the distribution and frequency of insect-borne diseases, cutaneous leishmaniasis, skin cancer, fungal diseases, and a host of other illnesses that have cutaneous manifestations or involve the skin — and dermatologists are being urged to be ready to diagnose clinical findings, counsel patients about risk mitigation, and decrease the carbon footprint of their practices and medical organizations.

Misaligned eyes in children are associated with an increased prevalence of mental illness, results of a large study suggest. Investigators found children with strabismus or "crossed eyes" had up to a twofold increased risk of developing anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia compared to their counterparts without the eye condition. Psychiatrists who have a patient with depression or anxiety and notice that patient also has strabismus might think about the link between those two conditions and refer that patient.

@awanish Long-term outcomes for patients with avoidant-restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) are not yet available. However, early detection of ARFID is presumably useful as in the case of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.

Collagen is the most abundant protein in the human body, found in the bones, muscles, skin, and tendons. I learnt that it is the substance that holds the body together. Why collagen is so important in human life? Please leave your comments.

@pratibha Presbyopia is diagnosed by a basic eye exam, which includes a refraction assessment and an eye health exam. A refraction assessment determines if you have nearsightedness or farsightedness, astigmatism, or presbyopia. Your doctor may use various instruments and ask you to look through several lenses to test your distance and close-up vision. The goal of treatment is to compensate for the inability of your eyes to focus on nearby objects. Treatment options include wearing corrective eyeglasses (spectacle lenses) or contact lenses, undergoing refractive surgery, or getting lens implants for presbyopia. Most nonprescription reading glasses range in power from +1.00 diopter (D) to +3.00 D. When selecting reading glasses:
Try different powers until you find the magnification that allows you to read comfortably, starting with the lower powers
Test each pair on reading material held at a comfortable distance

Mrs P, a 68 year-old married housewife, lives with her husband on a farm. She presented to the Emergency Department at the Medical Centre with diarrhoea and moderate dehydration following bowel resection two weeks earlier to remove carcinoid tumours. This follows a two-and-a-half year history of diarrhoea and weight loss, which has seen Mrs P become increasingly housebound and more dependent on her husband, who suffers Tourrett's syndrome and depression, for care. Her current critical state follows closely on the suicide of her youngest daughter (aged 39 years) in March 2021.

Hello, I would like to understand how robotics work to automate hospital workflows. So far I understand, it will allow replacement of human with machines. How much it will be effective in terms of user-friendliness. Please elaborate on this.

@abhishikta Treatment for flat feet and fallen arches depends on the severity and cause of the problem. If flat feet cause no pain or other difficulties, then treatment is probably not needed. In other cases, your doctor may suggest one or more of these treatments: Rest and ice to relieve pain and reduce swelling
Stretching exercises
Pain relief medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories
Physical therapy
Orthotic devices, shoe modifications, braces, or casts
Injected medications to reduce inflammation, such as corticosteroids