@rajdeep The symptomatology of anxiety NOS included psychological distress about the PD diagnosis, insecurity about the future, fear of losing control of motor and bodily functions, and social embarrassment. Clinically, anxiety NOS was associated with a range of factors including minor depression, on-off motor symptoms, muscle cramps, poor quality of life, and gait impairment. The symptomatology of fluctuating anxiety was assessed in 9 studies of the "on" motor state and 16 studies of both "on" and "off." Symptoms associated with the off state included panic attacks, feeling anxious or sad, and avoiding situations, as well as palpitations, dizziness, chills, and hot flashes. Clinically, studies showed that anxiety was more severe in the off-medication state, and symptoms were reduced in the on state. Data from some studies showed that fluctuating anxiety was more common in PD patients who were female, and who had a younger age of PD onset and longer disease duration.

@milind The study did not address the definitive amount of time of breastfeeding and its correlation to the improvement of CVD risk, but it did show that for the lifetime duration, the longer the better. Clinicians and employers must provide ways to educate women about breastfeeding and make it easy for women who are in the workplace to pump, and to provide them with resources where possible

Having depressive symptoms speeds cognitive decline, but the relationship is not due to the presence of β-amyloid, tau tangles, or other brain pathology, results of a new postmortem study suggest. Researchers have known for some time that depression is related to elevated risk for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia, but they haven't agreed on why this is the case. Many in the field were convinced that the relationship is driven by underlying cognitive issues and that people become depressed as a result of getting more demented

The indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinical practice have received great attention, but evidence regarding thyroid disease management is lacking. Levothyroxine, a medication used to treat both overt and subclinical hypothyroidism, has been commonly prescribed worldwide. Ample evidence has shown that, if untreated or uncontrolled, such hypothyroid status increases the risk of long-term adverse health outcomes (eg, cardiovascular disease and death). Recent reports in the literature have suggested a possible link between COVID-19 and thyroid disorders, such as subacute thyroiditis related to SARS-CoV-2 and severe complications due to SARS-CoV-2 in uncontrolled thyrotoxicosis.

Hello, Does ice act as anesthetic? Please explain elaborately the mechanism of action behind this. I learnt that briefly applying an ice cube to the skin could diminish the pain. Please leave your comments.

@sushmita Tachycardia may not cause any symptoms or complications. But if left untreated, some forms of tachycardia can lead to serious health problems, including heart failure, stroke or sudden cardiac death. Treatment for tachycardia may include specific maneuvers, medication, cardioversion or surgery to control a rapid heartbeat. The goals of tachycardia treatment are to slow a rapid heartbeat when it occurs and to prevent future episodes of a fast heart rate. If another medical condition is causing tachycardia, treating the underlying problem may reduce or prevent episodes of a fast heartbeat. A fast heart rate may correct itself. But sometimes medication or other medical treatments are needed to slow down the heartbeat. Ways to slow a fast heart rate include:
Vagal maneuvers. Vagal maneuvers include coughing, bearing down as if having a bowel movement and putting an ice pack on the face. Your health care provider may ask you to perform these specific actions during an episode of a fast heartbeat. These actions affect the vagus nerve, which helps control the heartbeat.
Medications. If vagal maneuvers don't stop the fast heartbeat, medication may be needed to restore the heart rhythm.

@sushmita Belching, gas and bloating can be embarrassing and uncomfortable. Belching or passing gas (flatus) is natural and common. Excessive belching or flatus, accompanied by bloating, pain or distention, can occasionally interfere with daily activities or cause embarrassment. But these signs and symptoms usually don't represent any serious underlying condition and are often decreased with simple lifestyle measures. When belching, gas or bloating interfere with your daily activities, there may be something wrong. Find out how to reduce or avoid gas and gas pains, and when you may need to see your doctor.

@piya Usually you can treat your child's headache at home with rest, decreased noise, plenty of fluids, balanced meals and OTC pain relievers. If your child is older and has frequent headaches, learning to relax and manage stress through different forms of therapy may help, as well. OTC pain relievers: Acetaminophen or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) can typically relieve headaches for your child. They should be taken at the first sign of a headache.
While stress doesn't appear to cause headaches, it can act as a trigger for headaches or make a headache worse. Depression also can play a role. For these situations, your doctor may recommend one or more behavior therapies, such as: Relaxation training. Relaxation techniques include deep breathing, yoga, meditation and progressive muscle relaxation, in which you tense one muscle at a time. Then you completely release the tension, until every muscle in the body is relaxed. An older child can learn relaxation techniques in classes or at home using books or videos.
Biofeedback training. Biofeedback teaches your child to control certain body responses that help reduce pain. During a biofeedback session, your child is connected to devices that monitor and give feedback on body functions, such as muscle tension, heart rate and blood pressure.
Your child then learns how to reduce muscle tension and slow his or her heart rate and breathing. The goal of biofeedback is to help your child enter a relaxed state to better cope with pain.

@dikshita If you’ve experienced a backflow of stomach acid into your esophagus after eating, you may have had acid reflux. Some 20 percent of Americans deal with acid reflux symptoms regularly. When over-the-counter (OTC) or prescription options falter, some people are turning to natural remedies to relieve symptoms. Honey has been used in Ayurvedic medicine for thousands of years to treat a variety of ailments. Some research and anecdotal evidence suggests that honey may soothe the throat and ease acid reflux symptoms.

Hello, I have lots of acne on my skin plugged with oil and dead skin cells. It causes whiteheads, blackheads or pimples. Sometimes it pains also. What should I do?