@leena
There’s no cure, so the goal of treatment is to ease your symptoms and slow the disease.
One of the best things you can do to stop her COPD from getting worse is to make her stop smoking. Talk to doctor about different things which you can try.

@leena Genetically engineered yeast (along with E coli) is a key microorganism used in biopharmaceutical production. Yeast has been redesigned to produce other naturally occurring compounds, such as cannabinoids and the antimalarial drug artemisinin. The process involves removing a sequence of biochemical reactions, or metabolic pathway, from a plant cell and reconstructing it inside a yeast cell.

In 15 people with normal A1c levels (< 5.7%; 39 mmol/mol) but at high risk for developing type 2 diabetes both 1-hour interstitial continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and a 1-hour plasma glucose (PG) measure during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) could identify glycemic variability and dysglycemia, and hence, may be superior to A1c as early indicators of incident dysglycemia. CGM may be a potential alternative to PG as the best way to assess a patient's responses during an OGTT.

@leena Among all 1,841 people in the dataset with diabetes for any length of time each additional 5 years of the disorder linked with a significant, relative 17% increase in the rate of incident heart failure. Incidence of heart failure rose even more sharply with added duration among those with a hemoglobin A1c of 7% or greater, compared with those with better glycemic control. And the rate of incident heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) roughly matched the rate of incident heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The study dataset included 9,734 adults enrolled into the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, and during a median follow-up of 22.5 years they had nearly 2,000 episodes of either hospitalization or death secondary to incident heart failure. This included 617 (31%) events involving HFpEF, 495 events (25%) involving HFrEF, and 876 unclassified heart failure events. The cohort averaged 63 years of age; 58% were women, 23% were Black, and 77% were White (the study design excluded people with other racial and ethnic backgrounds). The study design also excluded people with a history of heart failure or coronary artery disease, as well as those diagnosed with diabetes prior to age 18 resulting in a study group that presumably mostly had type 2 diabetes when diabetes was present. The report provided no data on the specific numbers of patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes.

@vatan White adipose tissue is commonly separated into visceral fat and subcutaneous fat, which have negative and neutral or positive metabolic effects, respectively. It is capable of more than doubling in mass and then returning to baseline. White adipocyte-derived hormones include leptin, which is low in starvation, and adiponectin, which regulates glucose and lipid metabolism. White adipose tissue is essential for the proper function of the reproductive system, including secretion of hormones and lactation. Brown adipose tissue protects newborns from cold as they develop the ability to shiver, and in adults it is found in depots in the neck, shoulders, posterior thorax, and abdomen. The amount of brown adipose tissue varies according to sex and lowers with increasing age and increasing body mass index (BMI). There is much more white fat in the body than brown fat. It appears that activating brown fat leads to beneficial effects on metabolism, though we don't know yet all the steps for how that happens.

@vatan There are, of course, two very different reasons why people wear glasses – short-sightedness, or myopia, where things in the distance are blurry; and long-sightedness, or hyperopia, where you can’t focus on things close up. Long-sightedness is often age-related: many people begin noticing in their 40-50s that it’s difficult to read in low lighting. As we age the lenses in our eyes gradually stiffen, making it harder to adjust to different distances. When people get to the stage where their arms aren’t long enough to hold a book or menu far enough away to focus on the text, they opt for reading glasses. What’s surprising is how few trials have been conducted on the prolonged effect of wearing glasses. And from what we know there’s no persuasive evidence that wearing reading glasses affects your eyesight. Why then do so many people become convinced, anecdotally, that glasses have made their eyesight worse? People may gradually find themselves more and more dependent on their specs, but it’s because their lenses have continued to deteriorate with age. So people find themselves needing their glasses more often, leading them to conclude that the glasses must have made their sight worse, where in fact, there’s no causal relationship. Whether or not you choose to wear your reading glasses will make no difference to your eyesight in the long run (although if you have to strain your eyes to read, you might get headaches or find that your eyes feel sore).

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan found throughout the body’s connective tissue. Glycosaminoglycans are simply long unbranched carbohydrates, or sugars, called polysaccharides. What is the use of hyaluronic acid in dermatology?

@papan Carbon monoxide is an odourless colourless gas and it binds avidly to hemoglobin resulting in tissue hypoxia and metabolic acidosis. It is known as the “Silent Killer” and is the number one cause of poisoning fatalities. Fireplaces and other fuel-burning appliances are the leading sources for exposure to carbon monoxide. With the proper awareness and preventative action, CO poisoning is entirely preventable. It is produced when fuels such as wood, gas, charcoal, kerosene, and oil are burned. A fire which burns efficiently and which has proper ventilation up through a sound chimney does not typically release dangerous quantities of carbon monoxide into a home. Mild to moderate exposure will cause drowsiness headache fatigue and breathlessness but in serious cases it may lead to coma and death.

Hello, Please recommend some nasal decongestant. I am suffering from stuffy nose and upper respiratory infection. To alleviate nasal congestion I need decongestant. Please help me.

Hi, I am 21 years old and want to know am I too young to start anti-aging treatments?

Hi is there any permanent treatment for acne and hair loss?