@sucheta Once a pressure injury (pressure ulcer) has developed, immediate treatment is required. Commonly used treatments over the years have included innovative mattresses, ointments, creams, solutions, dressings, ultrasonography, ultraviolet heat lamps, sugar, and surgery. In choosing a treatment strategy, consideration should be given to the stage of the wound and the purpose of the treatment (eg, protection, moisture, or removal of necrotic tissue). An algorithm for assessment and treatment is available.

@sumana In a study published in JAMA Network Open, the researchers identified 102,259 pregnant women seen for routine prenatal care at a single hospital in Shanghai between January 2014 and December 2019. The mean age of the women was 29.8 years. During the study period, 14,579 women experienced SAB (14.3%), 17,935 experienced induced abortion (17.5%), and 4,017 experienced both (11.9%). In all, 12,153 cases of gestational diabetes were identified, for a prevalence of 11.9%. The relative risk of gestational diabetes was 1.25 for women who experienced SAB and 1.15 for those who experienced both SAB and induced abortion, and the association between SAB and gestational diabetes increased in a number-dependent manner, the researchers said. The increase in relative risk for gestational diabetes in pregnant women with one SAB, two SABs, and three or more SABs was 18%, 41%, and 43%, compared to pregnant women with no SAB history.

Cervicitis is an inflammation of the uterine cervix, characteristically diagnosed by: (1) a visible, purulent or mucopurulent endocervical exudate in the endocervical canal or on an endocervical swab specimen and/or (2) sustained, easily induced endocervical bleeding when a cotton swab is gently passed through the cervical. Noninfectious cervicitis can be caused by the following:

Local trauma - eg, cervical irritation caused by tampons, a cervical cap, the string from an intrauterine contraceptive device, a pessary, or a diaphragm
Radiation
Chemical irritation - eg, vaginal douches, latex exposure, or contraceptive creams
Systemic inflammation - eg, Behçet syndrome
Malignancy

Hello, I would like to know about the risks associated with overdose of sleeping pills. Perhaps one of the greatest hazards of sleeping pills is the frequency of use. Individuals with a prescription or those using antihistamines from a corner store will often assume it is safe to use these substances night after night. Sleep is a necessary and much-beloved biological function, and people are willing to go to incredible lengths to make sure they get the rest they need. This includes misusing medications meant to help this process. Due to the likelihood of abuse, it is vital to understand the dangers that come with sleeping pills, including the risk of overdose.

Hello, Can ethanol be effective in curing antifungal infection? I have ethanol at my home. My brother has got antifungal infection. Will it be effective in treating the infection? Please leave your comments.

Hello, a 85 years old female presented with the history of progressively increasing abdominal contour for last 3 months. Patient used to experience mild to moderate diffuse pain abdomen, without any special character. Abdominal examination revealed a uniformly large cystic mass extending from pubis to epigastrium. There was uniform fullness in both the flanks. She has been diagnosed with ovarian cyst. How to cure ovarian cyst?

@sucheta Acute management of ACS includes pain control, intravenous (IV) fluids, antibiotics, supplemental oxygen, and blood transfusions. Pain control for children normally starts with ketorolac, since it is nonsedating and less likely to cause hypoventilation than opioid pain medication. Adult pain management can also begin with ketorolac. Both pediatric and adult patients whose pain is not adequately controlled with ketorolac and acetaminophen will require opioid pain medication best delivered by a PCA (patient controlled anesthesia) device. Pain control in ACS is a balance between analgesia to prevent atelectasis and over-sedation which can lead to hypoventilation and hypoxia. Fluid management is necessary in cases of dehydration since hypovolemia can cause additional sickling. Recommendations no longer advise large volume IV hydration, since overhydration can lead to pulmonary edema, which again leads to more respiratory complications. Fluid management should be directed by the patient’s hydration status.

@sumana This case emphasizes the critical significance of a mutual multidisciplinary approach to occult gastrointestinal bleeding. The management of angiodysplasia is considered as multidisciplinary team work that would consist of expertise from different departments as in endoscopy, angiography, and gastrointestinal surgery. In addition, council from all these departments should be present at the time of operation when surgery is recommended to optimize the time of finding the difficult lesions and wholly enhanced the chance for achievement.