ust 1 to 2 hours of moderate-to-vigorous exercise twice a week appears to slow disease progression and cognitive decline in patients with early Parkinson's disease (PD), new research shows. Investigators followed over 200 patients with early stage PD for up to 6 years, assessing exercise levels at baseline and throughout the study period. They found those who engaged in 4 hours of moderate-to-vigorous exercise per week had a slower decline in postural and gait stability and processing speed 5 years later versus their peers with lower exercise levels.

Endoscopic treatments for obesity are under-utilized but represent an opportunity for gastroenterologists to help address the metabolic epidemic that affects up to 40% of people in the United States, according to a presentation reviewing these techniques. Lifestyle modification is the first intervention, but results in just a 5% average weight loss, according to Allison Schulman, MD, MPH, who discussed these options at the 2022 AGA Tech Summit sponsored by the AGA Center for GI Innovation and Technology. Although surgical interventions induce more weight loss and greater improvement of metabolic outcomes, they come with significant risks and many patients are reluctant to pursue them, she added. In fact, fewer than 1% of obese individuals who qualify for bariatric surgery ultimately undergo it.

Switching from regular salt to a low-sodium salt substitute has major public health benefits, including a reduction in stroke, cardiovascular events, and death, a new landmark study shows. The Salt Substitute and Stroke Study (SSaSS) was conducted in 21,000 people with a history of stroke or high blood pressure in rural China, with half of them using a lower-sodium salt substitute instead of regular salt. Results showed that after 5 years, those using the salt substitute had a 14% reduction in stroke, a 13% reduction in major cardiovascular events, and a 12% reduction in death. These benefits were achieved without any apparent adverse effects.

About 10% of people who are struck by lightning die because the heart stops beating and breathing stops. In some people who survive severe lightning injury, an electrocardiogram is done to monitor the heartbeat, and blood or imaging tests are needed. Once the person is resuscitated, burns and other injuries are treated. What are the types of injury caused due to lightening?

@deepjoy Treating a toothache at home usually involves pain management. Here are a few ways to dull your pain so you can get a good night’s sleep.
Use over-the-counter pain medication. Using medications such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), acetaminophen (Tylenol), and aspirin can relieve minor pain from a toothache. Using numbing pastes or gels — often with benzocaine — can help to dull the pain long enough for you to fall asleep. Don’t use any products with benzocaine to treat infants or children under age 2.
Keep your head elevated. Propping your head higher than your body can keep the blood from rushing to your head. If blood pools in your head, it might intensify the toothache pain and possibly keep you awake.
Avoid eating acidic, cold, or hard foods right before bed. These foods can aggravate your teeth and any cavities that may have already formed. Try to avoid foods that trigger pain.

@ipshita It isn't possible to reattach a placenta that's separated from the wall of the uterus. Treatment options for placental abruption depend on the circumstances:
The baby isn't close to full term. If the abruption seems mild, your baby's heart rate is normal and it's too early for the baby to be born, you might be hospitalized for close monitoring. If the bleeding stops and your baby's condition is stable, you might be able to rest at home.
You might be given medication to help your baby's lungs mature and to protect the baby's brain, in case early delivery becomes necessary.
The baby is close to full term. Generally after 34 weeks of pregnancy, if the placental abruption seems minimal, a closely monitored vaginal delivery might be possible. If the abruption worsens or jeopardizes your or your baby's health, you'll need an immediate delivery — usually by C-section.

@deepjoy There is currently no cure for eczema. Treatment for the condition aims to heal the affected skin and prevent flares of symptoms. Doctors will suggest a treatment plan based on an individual’s age, symptoms, and current state of health. For some people, eczema goes away over time. For others, however, it is a lifelong condition. There are several things that people with eczema can do to support skin health and alleviate symptoms.
They can try:
taking lukewarm baths
applying moisturizer within 3 minutes of bathing to “lock in” moisture
moisturizing every day
wearing cotton and soft fabrics
avoiding rough, scratchy fibers and tight fitting clothing
using a humidifier in dry or cold weather
using a mild soap or a non-soap cleanser when washing
taking extra precautions to prevent eczema flares in winter
air drying or gently patting the skin dry with a towel, rather than rubbing the skin dry after bathing or taking a shower

Hello, my friend is suffering from hypercalcemia. She is 43 years old. She is staying alone, no one is there to take care of her. She is having bone pain and muscle weakness. Her lethargy and fatigue are also very prevalent. Please advise what should be the treatment?

@simar Prolactin is a hormone. It is one of many hormones secreted by the pituitary gland, a small structure in the brain. Prolactin has two primary functions: promote breast development, induce lactation, or milk production for breastfeeding. High prolactin is also called hyper-prolactinemia. Prolactin levels are normally high in people who are pregnant or breastfeeding. In other people, high prolactin can cause problems. Prolactin is present in both males and females. High prolactin is more common in females. Some people with high prolactin do not have symptoms. When symptoms happen, they may include: infertility, or inability to get pregnant, breast milk leakage in people who aren't nursing, absent or infrequent periods or irregular periods, decreased libido, painful or uncomfortable intercourse, hirsutism or excess body and facial hair growth, hot flashes

@ambika Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent progressive joint disease that can lead to deformity, comorbidities, and poor quality of life. Recent research has implicated adipose tissue and adipose-derived peptides such as adipo-cytokines and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in OA pathogenesis. Studies have shown that garlic may reduce the risk of cardiovascular and other inflammatory diseases. Garlic is an inexpensive and relatively benign supplement that may reduce OA inflammation. Garlic is so ubiquitous in everyday diet that encouraging patients with OA to include more in their cuisine may be far easier than starting them on a new drug.