What are the diagnostic criteria for thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) (Buerger disease)?

Debrup

Prithesh

@sarkarsatarupa Olin et al asserted that the following criteria must be met for the diagnosis to be made with reasonable certainty :

Age younger than 45 years
Current (or recent) history of tobacco use
Presence of distal extremity ischemia (indicated by claudication, pain at rest, ischemic ulcers, or gangrene) documented by noninvasive vascular testing
Exclusion of autoimmune diseases, hypercoagulable states, and diabetes mellitus by laboratory tests
Exclusion of a proximal source of atheroemboli by echocardiography and arteriography
Consistent arteriographic findings in the clinically involved and noninvolved limbs